Optimization of biological and chemical hydrolysis methods for the development of agricultural amino acids (organic fertilizer) from the fleece of different sheep breeds

The use of amino acids in plant breeding is an increasingly popular subject due to their effect on plant growth, increase in grain number and nutritional content and their contribution to the prevention of pests. Although fleece (wool) was used in many fields in the past, today it has been replaced by fiber type polymer materials and started to be used as waste. Current studies in this field have been evaluated under the title of fleece phenotype and keratin in our country, while there are studies on the use of fleece as a dietary protein supplement in foreign studies. In our study, the most popular breeds in our country; Akkaraman, Morkaraman, Merino and Ivesi sheep breeds were used. Biological (enzymatic) and chemical (acidic basic) hydrolysis methods were used for amino acid extraction from fleeces. Optimization parameters were enzyme, chemical amount, time and temperature. The samples obtained after hydrolysis were graphed in UV Spectrophotometry and the total amount of amino acids and amino acid diversity were quantitatively determined using LC-MS/MS method. Thus, an ideal process was tried to be put forward by determining the hydrolysis method in which the highest total amount of amino acids and the highest variety of amino acids are obtained with the least amount of energy and chemical substances. Although the parameters frequently used in optimization studies are also taken as a basis by reviewing the literature, it is evaluated that the parameters will contribute to the literature in terms of both the high number of processes and the variety of processes. Optimization studies mainly consist of three main topics: chemical hydrolysis, biological hydrolysis and hybrid hydrolysis. In chemical hydrolysis, HCl 4,6 and 8 molar concentrations were used for acidic optimization and NaOH 4,6 and 8 molar concentrations were used for basic optimization. For biological hydrolysis, proteinase-K extracted lamb abomasum extract was used. In the measurements made on the samples obtained from chemical and biological hydrolysis, those with high content were hydrolyzed by adding proteinase-K and extracted lamb abomasum extract under the title of hybrid hydrolysis. Hydrolysis temperature parameters were 45, 90 and 120 degrees Celsius and hydrolysis time was 2, 8, 16 and 24 hours. In acidic optimization, 144 processes, in basic optimization 144 processes, in biological hydrolysis 96 processes and in hybrid hydrolysis 16 processes were performed. As a result of the procedures performed, the presence of total amino acid content in the hydrolysates of all sheep breeds in the study was determined. The sheep wools with the highest total amino acid content were Morkaraman, Ivesi, Akkaraman and Merino, respectively. It was evaluated that abomasum extract (pepsin) was more efficient than proteinase-k in hybrid hydrolysis application.