Comparison of the effectiveness of three different titanium brushes in implant surface cleaning: İn vitro study

Comparison of The Effectiveness of Three Different Titanium Brushes in Implant Surface Cleaning: In Vitro Study Although dental implants have been used since the 1950s, no excellent success has yet been achieved in maintaining the health of the periimplant tissue. The survival of the implant is affected by many factors, such as the implant site, the design and surface structure of the implant, the patient's oral hygiene and the prosthetic superstructure. Periimplantitis is a plaque-related pathological condition that occurs in the soft and hard tissues around dental implants, characterized by inflammation in the periimplant mucosa and subsequent loss of sourrounded bone. Numerous studies have been conducted on the treatment of periimplant diseases, and the importance of periimplant mucositis and protection from periimplantitis has been emphasized. The aim of the mechanical treatment applied to remove supragingival and subgingival deposits on the implant surface and around the implant is to obtain a healthy periimplant tissue. In the literature, different curette types such as stainless steel, titanium coated, carbon fiber, Teflon and plastic curettes are used in the mechanical treatment of periimplant diseases. However, carbon-fiber, plastic and titanium curettes should be preferred on metal curettes and ultrasonic tips are used in implant surface debridement because they damage the implant surface. Ultrasonic devices and curettes may be insufficient for debridement of the implant surface, as the implant surfaces have a threaded and rough structure. Titanium rotating brushes have been produced in order to reach between the implant threads. In the light of this information and the available literatures, the aim of our study is to compare the effectiveness of three different titanium brush types in surface michanical debridment and the topographic changes that can be made on the implant surface. The implants used in the study were immersed in permanent red ink, and after waiting for 24 hours, they were embedded in acrylic blocks that simlaute 90° bone defects. Implants embedded in acrylic molds were divided into 3 groups to be cleaned with Ni Ti nano brush, Ni Ti brush and RBRU titanium brushes. In order to detect the changes after the debridement processes were completed, the precentage of uncleaned residual ink was calculated using the ADOBE PHOTOSHOPE software. Implant surface images were obtained by SEM to evaluate the topographical changes caused by the brushes used on the implant surface debridment. When the effects of the brushes were evaluated, no statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of the residual ink rate. When the surface morphology was evaluated, it was observed that the Ni Ti brush and RBRU groups slightly flattened the titanum surface, while the Ni Ti nano brush did not damage the surface completely. Key words: Implant, Periimplantitis, Titanium Rotary Brushes, SEM