Effects of different types of exercise on s-KLOTHO protein,pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative DNA damage inathletes

The aim of this study was to compare the chronic effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and aerobic training on certain biomarkers in regularly training athletes. A total of 24 athletes participated in the study, with a gender distribution of 12 women and 12 men. The athletes were divided into HIIT (n=8; 4 women, 4 men), aerobic (n=8; 4 women, 4 men), and control (n=8; 4 women, 4 men) groups. An experimental study design, a quantitative research method, was applied. The control group did not receive any exercise program, while the experimental groups underwent an 8-week aerobic and HIIT training program. Blood samples were taken before and after the exercise protocol, and the parameters 8-OHdG, IL-1β S-KL, TNF-α, and IL-6 were analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed using the Social Sciences Statistical Package (SPSS; IBM Corp, Armonk, NY) version 22. Data were evaluated at a significance level of p<0.05. According to the results, 8-OHdG levels decreased significantly in the HIIT group (p<0.05), while a significant decrease in IL-1β levels was detected in the aerobic training group (p<0.05). A significant increase in 8-OHdG levels was observed in the control group (p<0.05). No significant changes were detected in other biomarkers (IL-6, S-Klotho, TNF-α) between the groups (p>0.05). In conclusion, the significant decrease in 8-OHdG levels in the HIIT group indicates that this type of training may have a reducing effect on oxidative DNA damage. The increase in 8-OHdG levels in the control group suggests that the lack of regular exercise may increase oxidative stress. The significant decrease in IL-1β levels in the aerobic exercise group indicates that aerobic training may reduce the inflammatory response. In contrast, no significant changes were observed in IL-6, S-KL, and TNF-α levels in either exercise group. Overall, it can be concluded that HIIT has a more significant effect on oxidative stress, while aerobic exercise has a more significant effect on inflammation; longer duration or different intensity training protocols may be needed to reveal significant changes in some biomarkers.