Evaluation of upper extremity dual task performance in healthy ındividuals in different age groups and determination of affecting factors

Aim: This study comparatively analyzes the variations in fine and gross grip strength, motor coordination, cognitive functions, and upper extremity dual-task performance among healthy individuals of different age groups. Additionally, it statistically examines the predictive effects of age, gender, education level, fine and gross grip strength, motor coordination, and cognitive status on upper extremity dual-task performance. Materials and Methods: The study included 120 healthy adult participants who met the inclusion criteria, consisting of patients attending routine check-ups at Pamukkale University Hospital's Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and their relatives. Participants were assessed cognitive status using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) and Stroop Test, light touch perception using the Semmes Weinstein Monofilament Test, fine grip strength using the Jamar Hydraulic Pinchmeter, gross grip strength using the Modified Sphygmomanometer (MS), and coordination using the Purdue Pegboard Test. The Nine-Hole Peg Test (NHPT) was used to evaluate upper extremity single-task performance, while cognitive dual-tasks included counting backward by threes and reciting the days of the week backward, and the motor dual-task involved ankle movements. Results: It was found that cognitive functions, coordination and gross grip strength decreased with advancing age (p<0.05), but fine grip strength varied according to grip type (p>0.05). Age, coordination and cognitive level had a significant effect on both single and dual task performance (p<0.05), while gender had an effect only on single task performance (p<0.05) and education level had a significant effect only on cognitive-motor dual task performance (p<0.05). However, some of the fine and gross grip strength measurements were found to be weakly related to single and dual task performance of the upper extremity (p<0.05) while others were found to be unrelated (p>0.05). Conclusion: Age-related changes in the body lead to a decline in both single and dual-task performance of the upper extremity. Additionally, age, cognitive status, coordination, gender, and education level have an effect on upper extremity dual-task performance. These factors should be considered when planning rehabilitation interventions.