The effect of different breeding regimes an egg productivity, hatchability and egg quality characteristics in pheasants (Phasianus Colshicus)

This research has been made to determine the pheasant which has cultivated in different breeding system, the egg production with hatchability and egg quality characteristics are different in different terms of period. For this reason has been composed to breeding groups in free range, mating cage and group cage. Pheasant has been placed in free system as; 12 males:60 females as flock on the ground; in mating cage 1 male;4 female, 1male:5 female, 1male:6 female pheasant and in group cage 4 males:16 female, 4 male:20 female, 4 male:24 female. During the study for whole groups of pheasant has been applied illumination program 16 hours light. The study has been elongated total 126 days which includes the age period of weeks as 36-40, 41-44, 45-48 and 49-53.In free system, the obtained eggs; egg productivity, broken egg ratio, hatchability, fertility, hatchability of fertile eggs found as: %29.10, %12.38, %43.35-54.04, %49.84-59.35, %56.71-68.40 .In mating cage system the obtained eggs; egg productivity, broken egg ratio, hatchability, fertilization ratio, hatchability of fertile eggs found as follows: %38.54, %4.41, %51.72-57.93, %56.99-64.04, %64.81- 78.46.In group cage system the obtained eggs; egg productivity, broken egg ratio, hatchability, fertility, hatchability of fertile eggs found as; %40.52, %5.96, %50.59- 54.99, %55.63-60.15, %61.30-74.50.In case of egg productivity and incubation properties: in terms of egg productivity mating and group cage are high (P<0.05); broken egg ratio is high in free system (P<0.05); hatchability, hatchability of fertile eggs in mating cage has been found as high (especially 1:5 male-female) (P<0.05 and P<0.01). In whole groups related with age, hatchability, fertilization rate, hatchability of fertile eggs has been increased.In free system, the obtained eggs; the egg quality, egg weight, shell weight, shell thickness, shape index, yolk weight, albumin weight, yolk index, albumin index, Haugh unit values has been determined as: 29.34-32.63 g, 2.18-2.45 g, 0.222-2.200 mm, %80.51-77.46, 9.44-11.09 g, 16.06-18.94 g, %49.53-42.44, %1.23-1.68, 80.60-77.70 respectively.In mating cage egg the obtained egg weight, shell weight, shell thickness, shape index, yolk weight, albumin weight, yolk index, albumin index, Haugh unit values are as; 29.80-32.99 g, 2.96-3.37 g, 0.288-0.230 mm, %81.46-78.89, 9.16-10.50 g, 14.82-17.36 g, %48.23-40.87, %1.55-1.84, 82.23-80.60 respectively.In group cage, the obtained egg weight, shell weight, shell thickness, shape index, yolk weight, albumin weight, yolk index, albumin index, Haugh unit values are as; 28.67- 31.85 g, 2.45-2.86 g, 0.264-0.215 mm, %80.28-77.91, 9.25-10.01 g, 15.19-18.18 g, %46.42-40.80, %1.45-1.75, 81.25-78.55 respectively.In terms of our egg qualification study; egg weight, shell weigh and thickness is high in mating cage as (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001); shape index (only 36-40 weeks age period) in group cage is low (P<0.01); yolk weight and albumin weight in free systems are high (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001); yolk index (only 41-44 weeks age period) free system is high (P<0.05); albumin index and Haugh unit has been found high in mating cage (P<0.001, P<0.01).In whole groups together with age egg weight, albumin index, covering weight yolk and albumin weights values even has been indicated as high (P<0.01 ve P<0.001); shell weight, Haugh unite, yolk index and shape index values has bee indicated as low (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001) .In this study has been concluded that pheasant in free systems, mating cage or group cage can be cultivated successfully together with advantages and disadvantages. Due to different cost of breeding system, it should be faithful to choose according to cultivator possibilities.Proliferation of pheasant breeding in Turkey besides of egg productivity and quality; concerning of growth and nutrition performance it has been necessary to develop scientific studies and to provide healthy breeding system for cultivator.Key Word: Pheasant, breeding systems, egg productivity, hatchability, egg quality characteristics