Optimization of indirect organogenesis method in Ficus lyrata

Ficus lyrata, a plant species commonly found in tropical regions, is known for its aesthetically pleasing large leaves. This species, often preferred as an indoor plant, has been propagated in recent years through tissue culture techniques. Tissue culture not only allows for the rapid and efficient propagation of F. lyrata but also ensures the preservation of its genetic traits. This method offers significant opportunities for the commercial production and conservation of the plant. This research aimed to investigate the effects of different hormone concentrations and combinations on callus and shoot development of F. lyrata under in vitro conditions. In the callus development trials, ½ MS media containing various concentrations and combinations of Kinetin, 2iP (6-(γ,γ-Dimethylallylamino)purine), 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), and IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid) hormones were used. Parameters such as callus density, callus color, and differentiated structures (roots) were examined. The highest callus density was observed in the medium containing 0.5 mg/L 2iP and 0.5 mg/L IAA, while the most differentiated structure (roots) formation was recorded in the medium containing 0.5 mg/L Kinetin and 0.5 mg/L IAA. For shoot regeneration, calli were transferred to ½ MS media containing different concentrations of BA (Benzyladenine), and parameters such as callus density, callus color, callus structure, callus weight, and differentiated structures (shoots) were evaluated in detail. The results showed that the most successful medium for shoot development, in terms of callus density, callus weight, and differentiated structure (shoot) parameters, was the one containing 0.5 mg/L BA. Callus structure generally showed a medium-hard consistency, while callus color varied from brown to dark brown across all media. The shoots obtained from regeneration were successfully transferred to ½ MS media containing 1.0 mg/L IBA (Indole-3-Butyric Acid) for rooting and acclimatized ex vitro. This study demonstrated that the concentrations and combinations of Kinetin, 2iP, 2,4-D, and IAA used in the callus induction medium and the concentrations of BA used in the shoot development media had a significant impact on the callus and shoot development parameters. The findings of this thesis provide valuable insights that can contribute to the development of effective protocols for the in vitro propagation of F. lyrata.