Spinoza'da demokrasi kavramının metodolojik ve metafizik temelleri

The subject of this dissertation is the relation of Spinoza's political thought and his defense of democracy to the whole of his philosophical system, more precisely, to his methodology, metaphysics and ontology. Its aim is to show that Spinoza's defense of democracy is the necessary political conclusion of his naturalist and immanentist philosophy, and that, for Spinoza, democracy is not a simple form of government but a limitless and inclusive ontologico-political movement. Within the scope of this aim, it tries to answer following questions: What kind of a philosophical method does Spinoza have? What is the nature of the methodological continuity between his metaphysical and political works? Exactly which metaphysical-ontological premises necessitated such a defense of democracy? In order to answer these questions, we analyzed in the first part Spinoza's method, and in the second part, his conception of God/Nature as the origin of all being and knowledge, as well as his concept of human nature on which he builds his political deductions. The third and last part is entirely consecrated to Spinoza's political thought and to his concept of democracy. The dissertation also includes an Appendix presenting a detailed discussion of the most influential interpretations on the identity between the substance and its attributes, which is one of the themes of the second part.