Performance analysis, optimization and economic analysis of photovoltaic thermal hybrid power system

In this study, the electrical and thermal efficiency analysis of photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) collectors were performed in climatic conditions of Manisa. Furthermore, a theoretical application analysis is carried out to calculate the annual energy production and system depreciation period for a house where 4 people live. For this purpose, a liquid type flat PV/T collector system is used since this system is suitable for hot water supply and electrical power generation. The Sealing factor, radiation, inlet temperature, ambient temperature, absorbent plate parameters (tube spacing, pipe diameter, vane thickness, etc.), and thermal conductivity of the fluid in the absorbent plate must be taken into consideration for operation with maximum efficiency. The thermal efficiency of the PV/T collectors is significantly affected by the ratio of the temperature difference between the inlet temperature and the ambient temperature (Ti-Ta) to the global solar radiation (G) on the collector surface. The increase in (Ti-Ta) / G ratio decreases the thermal efficiency. Besides the previous factors, the ratio of the sealing factor (s) on the different flap (d/w) affects the thermal efficiency values. The increase in the d/w ratio also increases the collector area and decreases the PV module temperature, thus increasing the electrical efficiency. The main problem in PV/T systems is that the optimum efficiency can only be achieved by considering all these parameters. The first part of this study is concluded by preparing the PV/T collector with a MATLAB/Simulink model by using mathematical equations. The design parameters and their effects on thermal and electrical efficiency were evaluated with this model. The maximum thermal efficiency, the electrical efficiency and total efficiency of the PV/T collector were determined as 64,5%, 13,5%, and 78%, respectively. At the second stage of the study, the PV / T system selection was made based on high electrical output and economic analysis was performed accordingly. The energy generation model of the selected system (Et), the leveled cost of energy (LCOE) is calculated during the installation and lifetime of the system and annual electricity generation, thermal energy generation, and system cash flow charts are established. The PV/T system that are used were examined for the roof of the building with a tilt angle of 30 degrees and an area of 10 m2 in the south side direction. 10 m3 storage tank was used for the thermal system. The heat and electricity consumption of a 4-person house was evaluated in the calculations for the climatic conditions of Manisa. The solar irradiation, electrical/thermal efficiency and decrease in concentrator performance was taken into consideration while creating an energy production model. The first year electricity generation of the system was 2168,97 kWh, the first year thermal energy production was 10395,4 kWh, the LCOE value is calculated 0,044 Euro / kW and the NPV value is calculated as 2494,5 Euro. The depreciation period of the system was considered as 7 years.