Effect of biochair obtained from pictacia wastes on nutrient washing and plant development in different textures soils

The potential benefits of biochar obtained by the pyrolysis of organic wastes to agriculture, environment, and climate have been a subject of research recently. In this thesis, pyrolysis of the wastes obtained from pistachio cultivation, which has an important cultivation area and waste capacity in the Southeastern Anatolia Region, and its effects on soil and plant growth were investigated. Biochar was obtained from pistachio waste and different doses were applied to soils with two different textures (sandy and clayey). The effects of biochar on nitrate leaching, some chemical properties (organic matter (OM), available phosphorus (P), cation exchange capacity (KDK), soil reaction (pH), and electrical conductivity (EC)) of soils, and the development of above-ground and underground components of wheat (root fresh weight, root dry weight, stem fresh weight, stem dry weight, stem/root fresh weight, stem/root dry weight, plant height, leaf height, leaf width, leaf area, stem diameter, total root length (TRL), mean total root length (Mean TRL) and main root length (TapRL) and root volume) were investigated. In this context, bread wheat variety Bezostaja 1 was grown in 2 different soils with sandy loam and clay texture, and 5 different biochar (0, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4%) and 3 different fertilizer doses (0, 50% and 100%) were applied. As a result of the experiment with 3 replications, it was observed that as the dose of biochar increased, the OM content of the soils increased significantly in both textures, and this increase was observed at the highest dose of 4% biochar in clayey soils. In addition, it was observed that both biochar and fertilizer doses significantly increased the nitrogen and phosphorus content of the soil. It was determined that 4% biochar application in zero fertilizer application in sandy soil increased the nitrogen content by approximately 100% compared to 0% biochar dose. It was observed that the effect of biochar on soil pH was seen more clearly in both soils at zero fertilizer doses, and the soil pH increased with the increase in biochar dose. When the effect of different doses of fertilizer and different doses of biochar on the EC of the soil was examined, it was seen that the fertilizer doses applied at 0% biochar dose increased the EC values. The nitrate content of the wastewater after 3 different irrigations was examined and it was determined that as the fertilizer dose increased, the amount of nitrate washed increased, the biochar doses did not affect the nitrate washing in the first irrigation, and it decreased the nitrate washing off after the urea fertilizer applied with the second irrigation. When the effects of biochar and fertilizer applications on plant root and shoot development were examined, the highest root volume was obtained with 2% biochar and root fresh weight on 2-4% biochar applications. The most significant effect on plant height was observed in 1-4% biochar applications in sandy soils. Shoot diameter, shoot and root dry weights, leaf length, and width increased significantly in biochar applications compared to the control. Total root length was the highest in both clay soils and 2% and 4% biochar applications. In the thesis study examining the effects of fertilizer and biochar applications on soil properties and plant growth in bread wheat, it was observed that while all biochar doses were found to be effective, different doses were found to be effective on different plant properties. It is thought that biochar applications can be a good soil conditioner in improving plant growth and soil properties