Future of financing methods for infrastructure: Effects of climate change and the digitalization

This thesis deal with a forward-looking perspective, with the vision of putting forward a future projection regarding infrastructure investments and its financing methods, under five main headings in terms of content. First; definition, types, character of the infrastructure and the effects of infrastructure investments. Latter; are trends affecting infrastructure investments where Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), the relationship between SDGs and infrastructure investment, climate change, ESG (environmental, social, governence), ESIA (environmental and social impact assessment) and InfraTech were discussed. Third; focusing on innovative financing tools of infrastructures, digitalization of financing of investment, innovative Islamic finance, blockchain-cryptocurrencies-CBDCs, green bonds and climate bonds are the subjects of interest. Fourth; the future of infrastructure investments and climate change's impact, the new, now, next, and what is needed of infrastructure investments were revealed. Considering all pros& cons mentioned in the study, infrastructure investments are among the most effective tools to reach carbon net zero, achieve sustainable economic growth, and accelerate progress towards the United Nations SDGs. Most importantly, it is necessary to accelerate the pace and scale of infrastructure development and financing to close the huge investment gap.