Design and development of composite materials based on recycled textile fibers and sawdust

The textile sector is a large sector where materials are used to meet multiple functions at the same time, such as heat insulation, sound insulation, electromagnetic shielding, decorative appearance, etc. The aim of the research is to produce and optimize composite structures using wood shavings and recycled textile fibers as reinforcement materials, and polyurethane and urea formaldehyde resin as matrix materials. It is thought that the properties of these materials will add value to the structure, and thus composite materials suitable for use in different areas can be produced. In the first part of the study, preliminary studies were carried out with different resin types and production methods to investigate the possibilities of using wood shavings together with recycled fibers in the same structure. With the data obtained from the preliminary studies, 2 different wood shavings (bamboo and red pine) and 3 different (3 denier, 6 denier, 15 denier) thickness recycled polyester fibers were preferred as reinforcement materials, and urea formaldehyde and polyurethane resins were used in the hybrid composite structure at different stages as matrix materials. In the second section, fiber and sawdust plates were produced by hot pressing method as reinforcement material and urea formaldehyde resin matrix material. In the last section, plates were cut in 2 mm thickness and 2x50 cm sized plates were obtained. These plates (as reinforcement element) and polyurethane resin (matrix) were brought together in different parameters and 18 different composite materials were produced by open molding method. In addition to mechanical tests such as bending strength, determination of bending strength against impact, tensile strength perpendicular to the surface, heat insulation and sound insulation tests were applied to these samples and the results were evaluated. In general, it is seen that the use of fiberboard in the structure increases the resistance of the samples against impact. In addition, using fiberboards and sawdust plates in the same structure increases the resistance against bending. It can be said that the type of sawdust or fiber thickness does not have a significant direct effect on the tensile strength perpendicular to the surface, the way the resin is placed in the structure and the adhesion properties between the layers are more effective. It is seen that the thermal insulation properties are better in the samples using sawdust board. Positive results were obtained in sound absorption and sound transmission loss at different frequencies.