Synthesis of monitoring mediated and therapy oriented nanoparticles and in vitro applications

Growing needs in biomedical applications have driven the development of multifunctional nanoparticles in other terms of theranostically engineered nanoparticles that carry both therapeutic and diagnostic properties in a single nanoparticle structure. In this regard, many strategies to point effective cellular uptake of theranostics have been approved via various assembling and bioconjugate architectures in the way of imaging guided targeted therapy. In this thesis project, multifunctional nanoparticles are designed and synthesized as novel theranostics. For the general concept, the synthesis strategies of theranostics were planned according to cancerous cell lines which the disease causes the most second mortality in the world. The main nanoparticles used in the thesis consist of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), carbon dots (CDs) and vesicular systems such as liposomes and niosomes as their post-functionalization by polymer coatings, surface passivations, encapsulations and bioconjugations with folic acid (FA) and antibodies to generate efficient targeting for those theranostics. For this, functional polymer coated AuNPs, FA tagged niosomes and anti-CD44 tagged liposomes by incorporating various bioactive structures as well as molecularly imprinted polymer coated CDs to be used in active targeting and monitoring of cancer cells were studied. After the synthesis part of all those multifuntional particles, relative characterizations and the following in vitro cell-based studies were conducted to investigate the multimodal properties of the theranostics by toxicity, cell uptake, bioimaging and chemo/radio- or photodynamic therapy applications. Whole results indicate that those futuristic particles can be efficient tools for the clinical purposes with their illuminated characteristics and increased bioperformances.