Micropropagation of some local olive varieties growing in Southeast Anatolia Region

Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the oldest fruit species cultivated in the world, and today the demand for olives and products derived from olives is constantly increasing. In order to meet this demand, olive production is increasing significantly in countries with suitable ecology for olive cultivation. With the increase in the amount of olive production, the need to propagate olive saplings has gained importance. Propagation of some olive varieties with high economic value by cuttings is quite difficult and costly, therefore the most suitable micropropagation method for each olive variety must be determined. In this study, the species grown in the Derik district of Mardin Province and facing the danger of extinction; In addition, it was aimed to determine the most suitable medium and hormone applications to be used for micropropagation under in vitro conditions of 'Derik Halhalı', 'Mavi', 'Guleki', 'Melkabazi', 'Beloti', 'Zoncuk', 'Kejik' and 'Hursuki' local olive varieties, which have high values in terms of oil content and productivity, which are difficult to root by cuttings. In the in vitro micropropagation of the olive genotypes examined within the scope of the study, the effects of 3 different media (OM, WPM and DKW) and 2 different growth regulators (BAP and Zeatin) on explant/plant development were examined and their adaptation to external conditions was attempted by ensuring rooting in different root applications. In terms of proliferation coefficient, 'Beloti' variety (3.49) gave the highest result, while 'Derik Halhallı' variety (1.42) gave the lowest result. In terms of tillering number, 'Mavi' variety (1.94) gave the highest result, while 'Derik Halhallı' variety gave the lowest result (1.27). In terms of tillering number, 1 mg/l Zeatin+0.1 mg GAɜ BBD gave higher results than the medium containing 1 mg/l BAP+0.1 mg GAɜ. While the longest shoots (6.12 cm) of the 'Kejik' variety occurred in the WPM nutrient medium, the shortest shoots (1.09 cm) of the 'Derik Halhallı' variety occurred in the DKW nutrient medium. In terms of the number of roots, the highest number of roots was in the 'Zoncuk' variety (5.25 pieces) in the root-1 (½ OM, 2 mg/l IBA) application. On the other hand, the 'Kejik' variety gave the lowest results in terms of root number. The most suitable medium in terms of root number was determined as root-1 (½ OM, 2 mg/l IBA) application. In terms of rooting rate, 'Guleki' variety gave the highest result with 100% rooting in the medium containing ½ OM, 0.2 mg GA3, 4 mg/l IBA (in root-2 application). The lowest rooting rate was 10% rooting with ½ OM, 1 g/l activated charcoal, it occurred in the 'Melkabazi' variety at 4 mg/l IBA (stem-3) application. It was determined that the 'Beloti' variety (80%) gave the highest result in terms of adaptation to external conditions, while the 'Kejik' variety (1%) had the lowest adaptation to external conditions. In all varieties, plants continued to survive in an environment containing only sterile peat: perlite at a ratio of 3:1. Fungi have formed extensively in the aquarium sand and in environments containing commercial sterile paper pots, and all the plants have lost their vitality.