In-vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity of different cements usedin implants

Cement-retained restorations are usually preferred in implant supported restorations and the connection between the restoration and the implant is provided by cement. Biocompatibility is the appropriate biological response where the materials applicated. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the cytotoxicity of seven different implant luting cements in vitro and to observe the morphological changes in the cells by SEM. In the study, 8 different groups were determined, including 7 different cement groups and a control group. Specimen cement pellets were molded using polytetrafluoroethylene polymer molds under steril conditions. For the extract method, the extracts were prepared by keeping the discs sterilized under UV light for 24 hours in a cell culture medium at 37°C, 5% CO₂, 95% humidity. Cell lines were confluence in the cell culture module in 25 cm² and 75 cm² flasks in a carbon dioxide incubator with 5% CO₂ and 95% humidity. To prepare confluent cell cultures, cell lines were removed from their culture flask using 1× trypsin and seated to 96-well cellular culture plates at a density of 1x10⁵ cells/cm². Then, discs for the direct contact method, extracts for the extract method and cells were placed in the 96-well plate. Cell viability was evaluated by XTT method after inoculated cells were kept in the incubator for 24 hours. Polycarboxylate cement is the most cytotoxic cement for both cells in the direct contact method and the extract method. For the extract method, all cements at 100% concentration showed cytotoxic effect in both cells. In the extract method, Oxford CEMent is the least cytotoxic cement for HGF cell, and Harvard cement is the least cytotoxic cement for MC3T3-E1 Subclone 4 cell. In the direct contact method, Harvard cement is the least cytotoxic cement for both cells. In the direct contact method, Harvard cement is the least cytotoxic cement for both cells.