Determination of particul filtration performances of thin film composite nanofiber membranes

Although invented in the early 20th century, started to be commercialized at the end of 70's, membrane filters have now started to take the place of conventional systems and is quite widely used today. Membrane filtration technology is still more expensive than conventional systems. But the results of research and development activities together with the costs and business has become almost equal to the conventional system and the costs are declining steadily. Both new and environmentally friendly as well as low cost low energy process for the development of technology to reduce the costs of membrane filtration membrane filters are tried to be manufactured. Develops due to the technological advances of the application of membrane filtration technology, chemical, petrochemical, minerals, biotechnology, it has expanded a very industrial sectors such as paper and water. The membrane has two different phase or layer separating medium with a selectively permeable layer. In general, there are two principles of membrane separation technology with those. First, the membrane applying a driving force to ensure that the direction of flow, and the second is that of preventing the passage of the membrane separation factor of certain substances. One of the more cost-effective and high-performance membrane filter membrane is produced by the electrospinning process production run. Electrospinning, using a jet formed by electrostatically pulling the polymer solution or polymer melt is a simple and versatile method that allows the production of varying fiber level micrometers to nanometers. Electrospinning to get many different types of polymer nanofiber is very economical and efficient method. Electrospinning, a polymer solution or a needle in principle electrically or by loading the solution is based on spraying capillary at one end. The resulting polymer jet, connecting the electrode of a power source, the collector is pulled from the needle to the correct combination depending on the supplied electric field intensity. Evaporation taking place in solution, leads to an accumulation of the fibers on the collector. Parameters affecting the electrospinning production are molecular weight and viscosity, force of surface tension, pH, solution conductivity, effect of solvent volatility, applied electrical potential, solution flow rate, solution temperature, type of the collector, needle diameter, distance between the needle tip and collector plates, temperature and humidity. In thin film composite coating method, a reactive support, such as microporous polymer solution prepared polyamine and the membrane pores are filled with water. These amine-containing loaded support is dipped into a reagent such as diacid chloride in hexane solution with water immiscible solvents. Amine and acid chloride are reacted on the interface of the solution which is immiscible with water and form a very thin dense cross-linked membrane layer. Be considered when producing the composite membrane by interfacial polymerization method is said to be many parameters. Membrane composite composition and structure prepared by this method; The concentration of the reactants, the diffusion coefficient of chemicals, chemical reactivity ratios are used in mixtures, the solubility of the polymer starts to form in the solvent phase, the presence of byproducts, hydrolysis, such as crosslinking and pre-treatment depends on many variables. Interfacial polymerization is a technique used for coating a thin layer onto a porous support. At the interface between two immiscible solvents, highly reactive monomer (or a prepolymer) occurs a polymerization reaction. Typically the porous support layer of ultrafiltration or microfiltration membrane is usually immersed in an aqueous solution containing the amine-type prepolymer or a reactive monomer. Film (or fiber) is usually where other reactive monomer immiscible with water, immersed in the second bath consisting of acid chloride dissolved. These two reactive monomers (e.g., acid chloride and amine) react with each other to form a dense top layer. Mostly the completion of the interfacial reaction and the water-soluble monomer or prepolymer heat treated for crosslinking. The advantage of interfacial polymerization reaction is self-blocking to form a thin film having a thickness of 50 nm percent. Acid chloride, the amine is the aqueous phase whilst the organic phase. Almost all reverse osmosis (RO) membranes are made with these thin film composite coating techniques. RO membranes produced by this technique has impressively more salt rejection and water flux. Interfacial polymerization on the porous support is another technique that produces a thin coating layer. The solvent at the interface between two immiscible highly reactive monomers (or a prepolymer) occur a polymerization reaction. A reactive monomer which typically support layer or ultrafiltration or microfiltration membrane is typically immersed in an aqueous solution containing the amine-type prepolymer. Film (or fiber) is then usually where other reactive monomer immiscible with water, immersed in the second bath consisting of acid chloride dissolved. These two reactive monomers (e.g., acid chloride and amine) react with each other to form a dense top layer. The aim of this thesis, membranes with different periods of time of electrospinning nanofibers provided a method of casting surfaces to observe the effect of particle entrainment by coating thin film composite layer. In the studies, how are changed that yields particles that holded accordingly depending on the duration of activity of the membrane casting of thin film coating method were analyzed. In this thesis, sulfonated polysulfone was used as the membrane support layer. The surface coated with a second layer of polyamide, polystyrene particles revised and hold in the performance of different sizes were investigated. Raw membranes and characterization analysis of thin film composite coated membranes shows that there is an obvious difference between them. The 4 hour thin film coated membrane was achieved as nanofiltration membrane, whereas the 3-hour membrane as ultrafiltration. Turbidity and UV coating removal efficiency results of the membranes clearly laid out the differences between 3 and 4 hour membranes. 3-hour membrane removal efficiency was found to be very low, very high yields are obtained for 4-hour membrane.