In the context of human resource management processes competencies, selection and recruitment of school principals in Tanzania

This study examined the competencies of school principals and human resource management (HRM) practices related to their recruitment, selection, training, and development, based on the perspectives of teachers working in secondary schools in the Dar es Salaam region of Tanzania. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of these HRM processes on principals' competencies and to identify challenges and areas for improvement. A mixed-methods approach was employed. Standardised questionnaires were administered to 450 education stakeholders, and the data were analysed using factor analysis, correlation, and variance analysis. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 school principals to collect qualitative data regarding HRM practices. Findings indicate that structured professional development programs, continuous training, and transparent recruitment procedures play a significant role in enhancing principals' competencies. However, weaknesses were observed in induction programs, mentorship support, and data-driven planning. The study recommends policy reforms, strengthened HRM capacity, and the establishment of structured mentoring systems to improve principals' competencies. This research is expected to contribute to the literature on HRM practices in educational management in sub-Saharan Africa and to provide practical recommendations for policymakers and education stakeholders. Keywords: Human Resource Management, School Principals, Competency.