Pharmacognostical research on Inula graveolens (L.) desf. plant

Inula graveolens (L.) Desf. is a plant belonging to the genus Inula (L.) of the Asteraceae family and grows naturally in Turkiye. It is also called "iri pire otu" in our country. For many years, it has found its use in traditional treatment in many countries of the world. Many studies on essential oil and extract have been observed to have antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. In our study, firstly, foreign matter, total ash, ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid and determination of water by distillation were determined in the pharmacopeia standards of the plant. Volatile oil components were then determined using gas chromatography (GC) and flame ionization detector (FID). Although collected at different times, the main components were borneol and bornyl acetate. Subsequently, extracts were obtained using methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexane. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of extracts were calculated. Antimicrobial activity was determined by Gram negative strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium), Gram positive strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis) and fungi (Candida albicans and Candida krusei). The extracts were found to be most effective on Salmonella typhimurium. Four different methods have been tried as antioxidant activity determination method. DPPH radical scavenging effect determination, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method, total phenolic compound determination, total antioxidant status determination (TAS) and total oxidant status determination (TOS) studies were performed. It was observed that the extracts exhibited antioxidant properties. Keywords: Inula, Inula graveolens, Dittrichia graveolens, Antioxidant Activity, Antimicrobial Activity