Numerical modelling of bosphorus and effects of tube tunnel trench over bosphorus hydrodynamics

Stratified flows are systems which has different flows with different density in flow area. Layers are separated from each other by a plane that is called an interval plane. Interval plane has complex flow pattern (3D momentum exchange and very strong turbulence) and flow and fluids' features changes along the depth. Because of these properties of stratified flows, its modeling is very difficult and different numerical models and codes have big effect on the results. The aim of this study is, 3D hydrodynamic modeling of Istanbul Bosporus and to find the effect of a trench which is at the bottom of the Bosporus bed to the Bosporus' hydrodynamic. Mike 3 code that solves k-s turbulence model with finite difference method is used to solve hydrodynamic modeling of Istanbul Bosporus. Hydrodynamic simulations were done at three stages. At first stage, stratified flow is modeled in a uniform rectangular channel after that a trench placed to the bottom which is perpendicular the flow direction and the effect of this channel on the flow pattern is researched. In the second section, the boundary conditions for the Istanbul Bosporus model where the trench is applied at the bottom of the Bosporus are composed. In the third section, the hydrodynamic pattern of the area where the tube tunnel will be placed is studied. Keywords: Stratified flow, density current, Bosphorus, turbulence model, Mike 3, Tube tunnel, trench xm