Investigation of urban transformation in İstanbul through earthquake and public-private-partnership

The aim of this research is to examine the urban transformation in Istanbul through earthquake and build-operate-transfer application. Istanbul stands out among the cities with the largest population in both Turkey and Europe. The recent Kahramanmaraşlı earthquake in Turkey affected 9 cities around it and brought the risk of a possible Istanbul earthquake to the agenda again. Since Istanbul has a large population, the number of damages and losses that will occur in a possible earthquake will be just as much. According to the earthquake reports prepared with the Istanbul metropolitan municipality and the oil lamp observatory, there are over 1 million buildings in Istanbul that need to be repaired (to be completely demolished and rebuilt and strengthened). Some of these buildings are private residences and some are public buildings. Since there is an earthquake risk for Istanbul, it is extremely important to plan its urban transformation in a sustainable way. However, the completion of the urban transformation of so many residences and public spaces is seen as a difficult process to overcome in terms of both time and cost. Therefore, at this point, the build- operate-transfer application stands out as a method that can be used in the urban transformation of both public buildings and residences. Although the build-operate- transfer application stands out as a method used mostly in the construction of public spaces such as roads, bridges and airports; When there is an earthquake risk, the build- operate-operate-transfer application can be considered as a part of urban transformation, provided that it is deducted from taxes and provided that the citizens can solve the problems in their own houses with appropriate credit conditions.