Health policies and public health in the period Union and Progress (1913-1918)

Ottoman medicine in which frequently mentioned as the continuation of Islamic and Seljuk medicine, has been opening the door a discernible process of transformation since the nineteenth century. The military and political developments of the time played a crucial role in shaping this transformation. The period of Union and Progress one of the most critical stages of the process. As the Ottoman Empire gradually weakened during the Balkan Wars and World War I, the sanitary measures it implemented to protect the civilian population revealed the multifaceted approach of its health policies. The establishment of health institutions, personnel employment, budgets and methods of combating epidemic diseases throughout the Ottoman Empire was achieved through the implementation of legal regulations constituted the fundamental reference point of "health policies", particularly in the capital, Istanbul. From this point of view, the matter of this study is to examine the changes and transformations that occurred in health services during the Union and Progress period. The study is comprised of four sections, with the introduction. In the first part is focused to an examination of the health budgets and financing employed by the Union and Progress governments. Furthermore, this section addresses the programmes of current governments with structural reforms in the health organisation. In the second part, health institution and organization modeling, modernization of existing institutions and health organizations are examined. In the third part evaluates the employment, training of health personnel and organisation. In the last section examines the various methods of combating diseases and the general measures that can be taken to improve public health, with a particular focus on the seven diseases effects a comparison is made of the number of cases and deaths related to epidemics and other chronic diseases. Furthermore, the study provides a comprehensive account of the legal regulations that are in force in each section. Thus demonstrates the legal foundation upon which health policies are constructed.