Kara, deniz altı ve serbest uzayda kullanılan optik haberleşme sistemlerinin analizi, entegrasyonu ve optimizasyonu

The history of optical communication can be traced back to simple signalling techniques like smoke and flame beacons used by ancient cultures to transmit messages over long distances. Significant advancements occurred in the 18th and 19th centuries with the invention and widespread use of semaphore systems and later optical telegraphs, which enhanced visual signalling capabilities. These systems laid the foundation for structured long-range communication. However, practical low-attenuation optical fibers and lasers were developed in the 20th century before optical communication could become an efficient means for high-speed, long-distance data transmission. Modern telecommunication infrastructures worldwide increasingly rely on extremely long optical fiber cables due to several key advantages. These include the high bandwidth, low signal loss, and overall transmission efficiency of fiber optics. Additionally, fiber optics offer immunity to electromagnetic interference and other forms of crosstalk, such as radiation crosstalk and long-distance crosstalk. Furthermore, they provide high security, data security, and data integrity. These advantages make fiber optics suitable for both urban and remote deployment. The study employs the OptiSystem 18 simulation platform to comprehensively assess the performance of optical communication systems under three distinct transmission environments: fiber, underwater, and free-space optical channels. An extremely critical system parameter, laser power, operational wavelength, modulation schemes, pulse bit patterns, and transmission frequency, were systematically varied one at a time to observe their individual effects and the combined effects on system performance. The modelling was conducted with utmost precision. The simulations have offered valuable insights into optimal configurations for maximizing signal integrity, minimizing attenuation, and enhancing overall transmission quality under various environmental conditions. The results obtained have significantly contributed to a comprehensive understanding of the performance of optical links under various operating conditions. This knowledge has, in turn, led to the generation of valuable recommendations for enhancing systems. The acquired insights will be instrumental in designing robust, user-friendly, and low-power networks in critical sectors and numerous applications and locations.