Evaluation of treatment techniques and results of open fracturesof cats and dogs

Open fractures are common in veterinary medicine, and a well-informed initial intervention can significantly alter the course of the condition. The first intervention includes wound debridement, addressing the open fracture, promptly initiating appropriate antibiotics, and swiftly planning surgery. This thesis evaluates the treatment techniques and outcomes of open extremity fractures in cats and dogs. The study's material consisted of 33 cats and 7 dogs with various types of open fractures. All cases underwent open reduction, followed by the placement of pins, plates, or external fixators. These materials were used either alone or in combinations. Specifically, 11 cats and 1 dog received only intramedullary pins, 2 cats received plates and external skeletal fixators (ESF), 2 cats received intramedullary pins and plates, and 17 cats and 7 dogs received ESF either alone or in modified forms. Postoperative evaluations were conducted for all patients. Follow-up plans were tailored to each patient based on the type of open fracture. Radiographic assessments were scheduled for days 0, 15, 30, 60, and, if necessary, 90. Patients who only received intramedullary pins were also given Robert-Jones bandages with splints. As the initial antibiotic, cefazolin, a first-generation cephalosporin known for its broad spectrum, was used in all cases. Gentamicin was added as a second antibiotic for cases with a high risk of contamination. The most common minor complication observed was pin tract infection with the external fixator, while the most common major complication was nonunion in 2 cases. Three cases were lost due to various reasons. Successful outcomes were achieved in 35 cases (87.5%). When comparing the stabilization techniques, there was no significant difference in the rates of successful healing. It was determined that success in treating open fractures can be achieved through the combination of appropriate antibiotic selection and the use of techniques that provide rigid fixation. In veterinary practice, the use of external fixators is limited due to difficulties in application, follow-up, and patient compliance. There are far fewer studies in this area compared to human medicine. Human studies are still the most referenced, and it is believed that this study will contribute to the treatment of open fractures in veterinary medicine.