Investigation of plantar sense, proprioception and dual-task performance in frail and non-frail individuals with Type 2 DM

This research was designed to investigate plantar sensation, proprioception, dual-task performance, and fall risk in frail and non-frail individuals diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). In total 70 individuals aged 65 years and above with T2DM took part in the research, comprising a frail group having an average of 70±4.95 years and a non-frail group having an average of 69.86±4.13 years. Participants were divided into frail and non-frail groups using the FRAIL scale. Socio-demographic data were collected using the Patient Assessment Form; plantar sensation was assessed using the Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament Test; ankle joint proprioception was evaluated with a digital inclinometer; dual-task performance was measured via the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) with cognitive and motor dual-task conditions; and fall risk was evaluated using the Self-Rated Fall Risk Questionnaire (FRQ). As a result of the study, significantly higher scores were observed in the frail group for standard TUG, cognitive TUG, and fall risk (p<0.05). No important differences were found between the groups in terms of motor TUG, plantar sensation, and proprioception (p>0.05). Additionally, frailty was found to significantly increase standard TUG, cognitive TUG, motor TUG, and fall risk scores compared to non-frailty in individuals with T2DM (p<0.05). In conclusion, frailty in individuals with T2DM was found to negatively affect cognitive dual-task performance, and increase fall risk. However, it did not appear to significantly impair plantar sensation or proprioception.