Quantum encryption

Since quantum physics came into the world, physicists and other scientists have impressed by its magnificent nature. As a result of it, fundamental concepts which belong to quantum physics were started to be practiced to physical systems. On the other hand, some scientists have planned to use photon and some similar quantum objects for information transmission in the communication technology. Because of this concept, in the methods of information communication, secure communication is provided more than before. Nowadays, communication security has acquired great attention and its prominence has increased day by day. For this reason, quantum encryption has become one of the most important branches in the quantum information theory. In this thesis, first chapter contains literature abstract, aim and hypothesis of the thesis. In the second chapter, quantum information, polarization of light and photon, some principles of quantum mechanics and quantum no-cloning theorem which are necessary for quantum encryption are given. Finally, in the third chapter, symmetrical and asymmetrical cryptosystems and three quantum key distribution protocols which are basic in this field are presented.