Metaphors of Kutadgu Bilig

In this study it has been defined "Great Chain of Being Metaphors" and "Event Structure Metaphors" in Kutadgu Bilig, which is one of the most important works in historical Turkish language era. The Great Chain of Being Metaphors are divided into two classes as "Basic Great Chain Metaphors" and "Extended Great Chain Metaphors". Basic Great Chain Metaphors are qualification transfer between entity hierarchies each other. Extended Great Chain Metaphors are metaphorical conceptualization and representations of abstract systems such as cosmology, politics, religion, philosophy, communication time on entity/existence hierarchy by human and other entities in various image schemas and source domain. At the same time conceptually Great Chain of Being (Basic and Extended) is named Basic metaphors, GENERIC SPECIFIC metaphors, Root metaphors, Cultural metaphors and Historical metaphors. As for event structure metaphors include conceptualization of event, causes and action in target domain by actions, forces and location in source domain. At the same time event structure metaphors are functional semantical vehicle in metaphorical representation of abstract systems such as emotion, time, communication, philosophy, religion, politics in Kutadgu Bilig. Event Strucutre Metaphors contains hierarchical qualification as Great Chain Being Metaphors. Also another important topic is image schema and hierarchic structures in Great Chain Metaphors and Event Structure metaphors. Beside the occur of metaphorical source domains, image schemas are also effective in occurs of the invariance principle and semantic focus. Hierarchical structure constitute relationship between the conceptual domains belong to source and target domain of metaphor structure. A great deal of metaphoric expressions have been diagnosed through the Great Chain of Being and Event Structure Metaphors in Kutadgu Bilig. Firstly the reason is that can be content of the text also secondly understanding of language, culture, communication of era and cultural memory, aesthetic knowledge of poetic and intention/idea of transfer knowledge to the reader. This metaphors in Kutadgu Bilig have sociological and psychological foundations beside that serve for the state, society, philosophy, nature philosophy and belief philosophy. Firstly, Hâcib consciously represented abstract governance/politic concepts, belief concepts, philosophy concepts, time, emotion, moral/ ethical, measurment with the mythological and nature which are constitutes foundations of Turkish ethnicity and human ontology that appear in entity hierarchy. Secondly, Hâcib expressed metaphorically through the actions in daily life many abstract expressions that emotional and mental concept in government/ politic, religion and communication, which are complex system. This is an important aspect of event structure metaphors. Every work carried out on Kutadgu Bilig is very precious. This study purpose is to contribute to the existing studies. The related thesis is a metaphor study on the whole of vocab of Kutadgu Bilig text. With this study we believe that each metaphor in this study, which is serves government/ politic, society, religion philosophy, will be an independent study subject and area, conjuciton with historical/ modern, domestic/ foreign metaphorical literature search.