Liquefaction potential of sand with fines using Bender element test

This study aims to evaluate the maximum dynamic shear modulus (Gmax) based liquefaction potentials of sand with various fines using bender element test. The fines (CL) was added to two different particle gradations (0.15-0.30 mm and 1.0-2.0 mm) of clean sand having distinct shapes (rounded and angular) at mixture ratio of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30% and 40%. The results indicated that the Gmax values and liquefaction resistance were decreased up to 20% fines content then increased. The liquefaction resistance of the mixtures with coarse sand grains were found to be greater than those with fine sand grains at a given fines content.