Education in İstanbul according to year books of education (1898-1903)

Ottoman Empire, which considered herself superior in all fields during therising era, started losing this belief from the Lale Era and followed the West. Ourstatesmen, who had initially assessed this situation as the military supremacy ofthe West, took European institutions as examples in all fields from Mahmut theSecond and Tanzimat. Then the Western Institutions have been started to beimitated in the subject of schools. Particularly Tanzimat statesmen, besidespaying attention to the foundation of new schools, organized the Ministry ofEducation in a European fashion. Primary and secondary educations have beenrendered scheduled by the works. Our education organization underwent aradical change with the National Education Regulations of 1869 that steered theOttoman education in the final stage.During the first Meşrutiyet (Constitutional) Era, which started right afterthe Tanzimat, modernization in education and foundation of new educationinstitutions were lasted and Ottoman education steps were turned into accurate.At the beginning of the 20th Century, the enrolment movement continuedincreasingly and provided the foundation of many extant education institutions.At the year of 1903, War Academy, Medicine School, EngineeringCollege and Naval School in military education; Darulfunun (University), Schoolfor Civil Servants, Civil Medicine School, Law School, Teacher Training College,Women Teachers? College in high education; Sultani, Secondary schools andhigh schools in secondary education; and primary schools (ibtidailer) continuedto exist as the main education institutions of the state.First and foremost Mustafa Kemal Ataturk and many statesmen, officers,bureaucrats and intellectuals, who were raised in those schools in Istanbul,shaped the future of Turkey.Key Words: Ottoman Empire, Istanbul, year books, education-instruction.