Determination of in vitro toxic effects of magnesium oxide (MGO) and nickel oxide (NIO) nanoparticles on human blood tissue

Nanotechnology is one of the most rapidly developing research areas, but the environmental hazards of nanoparticles have not been fully identified. Due to increasing industry and developing technology, the release of nanoparticles to nature has increased. In this study, the toxic effect of increasing doses of MgO and NiO nanoparticles (NP) on human blood tissue was determined by in vitro antioxidant enzyme activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, the end product of lipid peroxidation, and changes in DNA structure. Blood cells were divided into two groups as control group (n = 6) and application group (n = 6). After administration of 10, 100 and 1000 µg/mL MgO and NiO NPs to the blood tissue, erythrocytes and leukocytes were obtained. Antioxidant defense system enzymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activities and MDA were determined from hemolysate samples by spectroscopic method in comparison with control group. Leukocytes were isolated using Biocoll separation solution and DNA damage was revealed by Comet method. It was found that given increasing doses of MgO and NiO NPs were increased MDA levels and significantly decreased antioxidant enzyme levels in erythrocytes compared to control and application groups. DNA damage in leukocytes; when DNA tail percentage, tail length and tail moment were compared with application and control group, it was determined that DNA damage parameters increased in increasing doses of MgO and NiO NPs. As a result, toxic effects of increasing doses of MgO and NiO NPs on human blood tissue were determined by spectrophotometric and comet tests in vitro. It was determined that MgO and NiO NPs, which were studied at high doses, impaired the antioxidant enzyme activities of the blood cells, increased the MDA level of the cells and caused DNA damage. In this study, a substructure related to toxic effects of nanoparticles has been tried to be established.