Determination of phenological and pomological characteristics of ferragnes and ferraduel almond cultivars grown at different altitudes in Malatya conditions

In this study, phenological, pomological, and some chemical properties of Ferragnes and Ferraduel cultivars grown in Malatya area, at different altitudes (750 m, 1059 m, and 1293 m) respectively, were determined. It was observed that the rise in altitude was in direct proportion to almond weight, kernel yield, almond size, almond thickness, kernel width, but in inverse proportion to kernel thickness, and no effect of altitude on tree yield. The highest almond height values were found in Doğanşehir (37.43 mm), followed by Akçadağ (31.92 mm) and the lowest in Battalgazi (31.69 mm). The highest kernel yield was found in Doğanşehir (34.61g), followed by Akçadağ (32.39g), and the lowest was in Battalgazi (29.00 g). The highest almond weight was found in Doğanşehir (4.32 g), followed by Akçadağ (3,63g) and the lowest value was found in Battalgazi (3.61 g). The lowest almond thickness values were found in Doğanşehir (14.05 mm), followed by Akçadağ (14.82 mm) and the highest value was found in Battalgazi (15.78 mm). The lowest kernel width values were found in Doğanşehir (13.30 g), followed by Akçadağ (13.43 g), and the highest was in Battalgazi (14.30 mm). The lowest kernel width was in Doğanşehir (6.87 mm), followed by Akçadağ (7.63 mm), and the highest was in Battalgazi (8.09 mm). Tree yield values were highest in Doğanşehir, 14.47 kg/tree, the lowest was in Akçadağ 10.85 kg/tree, and in Battalgazi the yield was 11,09 kg/tree. As a result of analyzes, the highest protein content was determined in Ferragnes cultivar grown in Akçadağ (%24.15), the lowest value was in Ferraduel cultivar grown in Battalgazi (%19.76). Total oil content varied between 49.56 % (Battalgazi) and 54.42 % (Akçadağ). The results of analyzes showed that highest oil content was in Ferragnes cultivar grown in Akçadağ (54.42 %), and the lowest was in Ferraduel grown in Battalgazi (49.56 %).