Design of a permanent magnet linear synchronous motor for magnetic levitation trains

In recent years, research on alternative and innovative solutions to conventional transportation systems has gained significant momentum, with maglev trains and Hyperloop technologies standing out as notable examples in this field. In this thesis, a high-efficiency and high-force-density linear propulsion system has been developed as a prototype for magnetic levitation train applications. The study involved the detailed analysis and design of a double-sided, short-primary, 12-slot, 16-pole permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM). Additionally, because intermittent propulsion systems exhibit a hybrid structure that combines the advantages of different drive types, the design of a linear induction motor (LIM) was also considered as a complementary component of the system. Accordingly, LIM designs were carried out under the same reference geometry and mass constraints defined for the PMLSM. Eight different motor models were constructed and evaluated using finite element analysis (FEM) and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods, and the most suitable design was selected to complete the optimization process. The electromagnetic performance of the PMLSM was assessed through magnetic loading, no-load behavior, full-load operation, and dynamic performance analyses. The variation of d–q axis inductances under different operating conditions was examined using both conventional approaches and a flux-map-based Look-Up Table (LUT) model. Force–speed characteristics were obtained through inverter-controlled co-simulation studies, and a final thrust force of 565 N was achieved. Furthermore, to reduce force ripple depending on the magnet coverage ratio, optimization was performed using OptiSLang software, resulting in a reduction of cogging force from 107 N to 37 N. Loss and efficiency maps were generated, and the safe operating limits of the magnets were determined through demagnetization analyses under various current and temperature conditions. Finally, a PMLSM prototype was manufactured, and an experimental test setup was established. The difference between analysis and prototype measurements was found to be approximately 5.66% for thrust force and 0.87% for efficiency. This study presents a holistic methodology that integrates inductance modelling, optimization, dynamic performance analysis, demagnetization evaluation, and experimental validation within the PMLSM design process. As a result, an efficient PMLSM prototype suitable for magnetic train applications has been successfully developed.