Declaring someone an unbeliever and its results jardis hazhar hadi

In the history of Islam, the conflicts that took place after the century of happiness have been a matter of great sin. Due to many similar problems, different ideas have emerged among sects regarding faith and unbelief. Almost every sect defined faith in line with its own understanding and did not hesitate to declare those who did not comply with this definition as unbelievers. This situation caused some belief groups to become introverted and alienate those who did not think like them. Takfir means taking a person or a group beyond the boundaries of faith. A person who accepts the pillars of faith enters into its circle. Unless indicated otherwise, this person is a Muslim and, pursuant to Islamic rules, he is one of those people of Qibla who cannot be declared as unbelievers. Some Muslims have accused each other of blasphemy for many reasons since the first century of the Hijri. In the history of the Islamic Sects of Faith, some communities have emerged and they consider those who oppose to their beliefs and ideas to be unbelievers. Although the Prophet (PBUH) asked believers not to accuse each other of blasphemy, the problem of takfir continues to be very effective from past to present. As a result of the conflicts and struggles that occurred on political and religious issues, these communities continued their takfir understanding by establishing a hegemony with an attitude of excluding those who did not think like them. The idea of takfir, which started with the Kharijite mentality that made judgments by reading the verses of the Quran according to their apparent meaning, emerged as a problem of faith. The aims of this study are to reveal the reasons why the idea of takfir emerged, the factors underlying its emergence, and the consequences it caused, by investigating it in a holistic way. Due to the wide content of the subject, we have presented concise information for each sect. After providing information on the methods and sources, the study continues with the dictionary and terminological meanings of the concepts of blasphemy and takfir, the meanings of blasphemy and similar words, the way these concepts were used in the formation of sects, the role of the Kharijite ideology in the emergence of takfir, the main issues that were effective in the emergence of the idea of takfir, takfir in its practical aspect, its reflections on social life, and it acceptance by the sects. Our study consists of an introduction and three parts. In the first part, the subject of the study, its purpose, content and method are presented and the sources used were included. In the second part, the concept of blasphemy, types of blasphemy, and the harms of extremism in takfir were discussed. In the third part, how takfir is understood by the sects is analysed.