Coverage based optimization of location and power values of current and new distribution transformer

The electricity networks of a country are constantly developing in line with the technology, together with the distribution transformers, which are the power sources of the city. Developing technology and rising living standards increase the amount of electricity demanded in city centers. Besides, with the construction of new residences, the electric load density in different city areas also changes. Taking into the control this change in load density is possible by adjusting the voltage in distribution lines, establishing new lines and transformer centers, or restructuring existing lines and substations. The formation of an efficient electricity network can be achieved by good execution of the principles of network planning and development. In this study, the Istanbul Üsküdar District Vaniköy region was examined and coverage areas were created depending on the load density and power of the existing transformers. New mathematical, geometric methods and algorithms have been developed that can be applied to all LV distribution networks from these coverage areas. With these methods and algorithms, a new coverage-based systematic approach has been presented for the arrangement of the coverage areas of the existing transformers which have an intricate structure in the distribution network. In this approach, firstly, the coverage area intersection rates of each transformer were determined. In line with these intersection ratios, underused or extra added transformers are ignored in the algorithm. Instead of removed transformers, the network has been transformed into an optimal structure by being shared the load between the transformers at the closest distance to these transformers and with the most suitable power among the transformers in the network. In another part of the study, an optimal approach is presented for the coverage area-based optimization of the location and power values of the new distribution transformers to be built in the distribution network. The purpose of this approach is to optimally calculate the coverage areas of the new substations in the city, the coordinate points to be located and the electrical power values in case the existing transformers in the distribution network do not have the power to meet the demands in the future or the network is expanded. To perform these operations, new mathematical, geometric methods and algorithms have been developed in addition to the previous algorithms to be applied to coverage area-based and all LV distribution networks. It was revealed that these methods and algorithms can be analyzed in two ways. The first is the case of finding the third transformer location and coverage area from the location and coverage area of second transformers to extend the network outward. The second is the inward expansion of the network where the position, power, and coverage area of the fourth transformer are determined from the location and coverage area of the three transformers. For both cases, optimal transformer location, power, and coverage area have been calculated. Besides, analyzes including the shortest high voltage distribution wiring route and cost among transformers were performed. Thus, distribution network planning has been approached with a new method.