During the period of Midhat Pasha administrative and financialreform in Iraq

Midhat Paşa's reforms in Iraq between 1869-1872 have a special value and importance in the history of the Ottoman Empire in general and the Iraqi state in particular. Because the effect of the reforms carried out in 3,5 years completely changed the situation in Iraq, a new era began for the country, and there was a significant increase in the population. Iraq has periodically experienced economic and political collapse. In some periods, the country tried to revive and experienced periods of prosperity. Because Iraq is a country with favourable climatic conditions and soils. Today, it is possible to talk about Iraq's riches not only above ground but also underground, even more advanced than that. However, despite all its wealth, the majority of the population is below the poverty line. The main reasons for this situation were the waste of Iraq's natural resources and corruption. The reform process initiated by Midhat Paşa in Iraq faced many problems and resistance. Similarly, today, many political obstacles have arisen in the country after the enactment of the reform law and the implementation of its provisions and principles. The main reasons for this are the fact that the reform bill paves the way for corruption and limits their power and capital. Considering these issues, the need for will, justice and power in the implementation of the reform bill comes to the fore. The main purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of Midhat Paşa's life and political legacy, as well as to emphasise his reformist influence and contributions in the history of the Ottoman Empire, particularly in Iraq. The thesis focuses on his personality and reformist activities in general. In addition, the reforms carried out in Iraq during Midhat Paşa's governorship will be studied and his administrative and financial reforms will be discussed in detail. My main objectives are to have a good knowledge in this field, to gain expertise while researching and writing my thesis, and to use the knowledge I have gained about the subjects I have been working on for two years in Turkey. Midhat Paşa's governorship period between 1869-1872 is the subject of this study. During his tenure in Iraq, great progress was made in every field. The reforms made during his three-year governorship are evaluated. Midhat Paşa was influenced by the policies and practices of European states in the political field and tried to implement their basic principles in the Ottoman Empire, in Arab countries, especially in Iraq.