Prevalence of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder and related factors in refugees

Turkey hosts more than 4 million refugees and asylum-seekers, primarily from Syria, Afghanistan, and Iran. Despite this substantial population, there is limited data on their mental health status and the impact of conflict and displacement on these groups. This study aimed to assess the mental health of refugees from different countries of origin in Turkey, identify risk factors, and examine how sociodemographic characteristics, traumatic events, and post-displacement stressors influence mental health conditions. Between November 2022 and March 2023, data were collected from 521 refugees in Turkey through face-to-face interviews using scales in the same language, with the assistance of interpreters. The data encompassed sociodemographic characteristics, traumatic events (Harvard Trauma Questionnaire), post-migration stressors (Post-Migration Life Challenges Checklist), depression and anxiety symptoms (Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-25), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (PCL-5). The prevalence rates of mental health issues among refugees were estimated at 45.1% for anxiety, 48.8% for depression, and 44% for PTSD. Key determinants of mental health included gender (female), country of origin (Iran), age groups (18-29, 30-39, and 40-49 years), marital status (single, divorced, or widowed), employment status, very low economic status, prior mental or physical illness, exposure to traumatic events, and post-displacement socioeconomic stressors. In conclusion, the high prevalence of mental health disorders among Turkey's refugee population is significant. The findings highlight that female refugees, Iranians, and young-middle age groups are at higher risk. The impact of economic and marital status on mental health, as well as the determinant role of physical and mental health histories, are emphasized. These results suggest the need to address the specific health needs of these groups, improve access to health services, and strengthen social support systems through integrated approaches.