Novel electrospun nanofibers loaded different medicament approaches as drug delivery systems for regenerative endodontics

Traumatic tooth injuries with incomplete apical development in addition to dental caries are causes of pulpal necrosis or infections. Even though the antimicrobial capabilities of applied medicaments are renowned, recent findings showed negative effects of these forms like cell toxicity, difficulties in completely removing them from the root system, and tooth discoloration associated with the use of their high levels. In light of this, the ability of nano/microfibers to deliver uniform, and controlled amounts of drugs can lead to positive therapy impacts through achieving lower toxicity effects, a bacteria-free environment, and significant clinical potential. Here in this study, Calcium hydroxide, Metronidazole, Ciprofloxacin, and Minocycline were added to Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) polymer solution and spun into fibrous mats with separated, double, and triple forms. Fibers' morphology, Fibers' chemical characterization, physical and chemical characterization of the dentin surface were evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy, Nano-SEM, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, respectively. Characterization of the gutta-percha cones after the air irradiation via plasma and after coating them with fiber mats was achieved by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and light microscope, respectively. Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy results confirmed that electrospinning was able to produce antibiotic-containing fibers with diameters ranged between nano- and microscales. Nano-SEM and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy results presented that fibers mats achieved better affects on the chemical and morphological structures of the dentin tubules. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy results showed a better hydrophilic form of the gutta-percha surface in order to obtain a better coating process.