Security of autonomous vehicles against radio frequency attacks

The most important systems in autonomous vehicles are communication systems. Autonomous vehicles that can make decisions on their own without human power are remotely monitored and wireless communication is performed in their systems. Vehicle key communication is one of these systems. These systems are realized using radio waves by wireless communication. Radio waves, which are electromagnetic waves, are transmitted between the receiver and transmitter devices and ensure the operation of the systems. When the button is pressed to open the doors on the vehicles, the outgoing signal is transmitted to the vehicle. The vehicle ensures that the doors are opened by processing the signal. While this system was working, the signal sent to open the door was captured in the signal attack on radio waves using hackrf one. When the captured signal was transmitted back to the vehicle, it was observed that the doors of the vehicle were opened. In this case, access to vehicles was possible with external intervention. With the possibility of external access, the risk of theft of vehicles may increase. As a solution to this situation, it is aimed to encrypt the signal within the scope of the study. The fact that the system in the vehicle and the signal sent in the system on the key are in a single form has created a security gap in the communication structure of the vehicle. By developing the system software in the key, the signal was encrypted and transmitted to the vehicle. The system software in the key was developed compatible with the system software in the vehicle. The encrypted signal received by the vehicle was identified. The identified signal enabled the door to open or close in accordance with the algorithm. For this case, systems using similar communication structure were examined. Systems that communicate with radio waves in many areas have cyber security vulnerabilities in this case. For the purpose of this study to be an example, a signal attack was made and a solution was brought to this vulnerability.