Investigation of clastogenic effects of paraben and its differentiations in human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro cytogenetic methods

In this study, paraben and its differentations (methyl, ethyl, propyl, ısopropyl, buthyl, ısobuthyl) were investigated with CBMN (cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus), SCE (sister chromatid exchange) and CA (chromosome aberration) techniques on human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro. The cells were treated with 500, 250, 100 and 50 µg/ml paraben and 100, 50, 25 and 10 µg/ml paraben differentations for 24 h and 48 h treatment periods. Cytotoxic effects of test materials were determined with CBPI (cytokinesis-blocked proliferation index), RI (replication index) and MI (mitotic index). The obtained data were analyzed in terms of statistics. All test materials significantly reduced CBPI values according to the data obtained from CBMN test were shown to significantly reduced. Paraben significantly increased the number of MN only 48 h treatment period and at the highest dose (500 µg/ml). Paraben differentations induced significantly the number of MN dose and time dependent. Also test materials increased the number of chromosome aberrations per cell (CA/Cell) with dose and time dependent. This increase was observed butyl paraben's only the highest dose (100 µg/ml). Mitotic index (MI) values decreased in all materials and doses of 24 and 48 h. According to the SCE test results paraben didn't stimulate the SCE frequency of per cell in lymphocytes. Paraben differentations increased the SCE frequency of per cell. According to the replication index (RI) values paraben and differentations caused dose and time dependent decrease. When all the results evaluated, it is concluded that test substances possess to cytotoxic, clastogenic and genotoxic effects on human lymphocytes. Key Words: Micronucleus, Sister Chromatid Exchange, Chromosomal Aberrations, Human Lymphocytes