Production and characterization of nanocomposite materials by nanoparticle additive to petroleum derivative polymers

In this thesis, the nanofibers of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyvinylchloride (PVC) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) polymers are produced by electrospin method. For each polymer; 9 different types of nanofibers were produced, with no additives, with 1% graphene added and 1% multi-walled carbonanotube (MWCNTs). By using the obtained nanofibers, the composite materials including 5 layer polymer matrix were obtained by using the manual deposit method. The thickness of each composite material is 4mm. Morphological structures of nanofibers produced in the first step of the study were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). In addition, tensile test was performed to determine the mechanical strength of each nanofiber. In the second stage of the study, the radar absorption capacity of the composite materials obtained from the nanofibers was measured and the tensile and low velocity impact tests were compared for the determination of their mechanical strength. As a result of the tensile test, the damaged surface morphology was investigated by SEM. In order to understand the effect of polymers on composite materials, only glass fiber reinforced composite materials were produced under the same conditions and low velocity impact and tensile tests were performed. In the last part of the study, FT-IR, DSC and TGA tests were performed to determine the chemical properties and bond structures of the composite materials including polymer matrix. As a result of the tests, the maximum forces, stresses, elongation and deformations to which composite materials may be exposed, radar absorption capacities, bond structures, glass transition temperatures, mass losses were determined, compared and the results were interpreted. When the results are examined; It has been determined that 1% graphene and MWCNTs additive to nanofibers obtained by the electrospin method from polymers have positive effects on mechanical strength and chemical structures. In addition, it was determined that graphene and MWCNTs additive have positive effects on the radar absorption capacity of composite materials including polymer matrix. As a result of the usage of TPU, PAN and PVC nanofibers in pure and nanoparticle added composite materials, It was determined that each polymer had strengths at different points. In addition to a single polymer, three polymers have contributed to improvements. However, it has been observed that different polymers provide improvement in different test groups as a result of the effect of structural properties.