Investigation of Sestrin-1, Phoenixin-14, and Nesfatin-1 levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

INVESTIGATION OF SESTRIN-1, PHOENIXIN-14, AND NESFATIN-1 LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common chronic disorder in women of reproductive age, characterized by the coexistence of chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology. The aim of this study is to contribute to the literature by elucidating the relationship of the biomarkers Sestrin-1, Phoenixin-14, and Nesfatin-1 with PCOS and by assessing their potential role in the diagnosis of PCOS. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 patients diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. The serum levels of sestrin-1, phoenixin-14, and nesfatin-1 were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The data were evaluated using descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, multiple regression analyses, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. Results: Serum concentrations of sestrin-1, phoenixin-14, and nesfatin-1 were found to be significantly lower in the PCOS group compared to the healthy control group (p<0.05). Strong, statistically significant positive correlations were observed among these biomarkers (Sestrin-1 vs. Phoenixin-14: r=0.904, p<0.001; Sestrin-1 vs. Nesfatin-1: r=0.856, p<0.001; Phoenixin-14 vs. Nesfatin-1: r=0.858, p<0.001). In multiple linear regression, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) emerged as a statistically significant negative predictor of Sestrin-1 and Phoenixin-14 (p=0.016 and p=0.041, respectively) and showed a borderline negative association with Nesfatin-1 (p=0.052). In ROC analysis, the areas under the curve (AUCs) for Sestrin-1, Phoenixin-14, Nesfatin-1, and AMH were 0.744, 0.696, 0.668, and 0.790, respectively. Conclusion: The serum levels of sestrin-1, phoenixin-14, and nesfatin-1 were found to be significantly lower in patients with PCOS. Given their diagnostic performance comparable to that of AMH, it is suggested that sestrin-1, phoenixin-14, and nesfatin-1 may have potential utility in the diagnosis of PCOS. Keywords: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Sestrin-1, Phoenixin-14, Nesfatin-1