Determination of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of some potentially bioactive heterocyclic compounds by Allium test

Coumarin compounds are present in the structure of many plants in nature and have important roles in plant physiology. Coumarin compounds are present in the structure of many plants in nature and have important roles in plant physiology. Natural coumarin compounds are effective in plant growth and development. The thesis study was designed by considering the biopesticide properties of natural coumarin compounds and their role in the growth and development of plants. Within the scope of this study, the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of new coumarin compounds (CT1, CT2, CT3, CT4, CT5) synthesised under laboratory conditions on the development of onion root cells were investigated. As a result of the treatment of coumarin derivative target compounds (CT5) in onion root tip cells with Allium test at 24, 48 and 72 hours time periods, cytotoxic effect was detected with a decrease in mitotic index due to increasing concentration. Mitotic index data proved that the highest cytotoxic effect was observed at 100 μM concentration for all compounds, while low cytotoxic effect was observed at 0.5 and 5.0 μM concentrations. When chromosomal aberrations were analysed, it was determined that CT5 compounds generally induced genotoxic effect in comparison with the control group, had negative effects on cell cycle proliferation, caused different types of chromosomal defects and this effect increased at high doses. When the results of cytotoxic and genotoxic experiments of CT compounds were evaluated together, it was determined that CT4 and CT5 compounds did not show significant toxic effects on the development of Allium cepa plants at some doses. According to the data obtained in cytogenetic studies, it is thought that CT4 and CT5 compounds may be a good alternative to natural coumarin compounds found in the structure of many plants in nature. It is possible that CT4 and CT5 molecules can be developed as a pesticide candidate in A. cepa plant with future experimental and theoretical studies.Natural coumarin compounds are effective in plant growth and development. The thesis study was designed by considering the biopesticide properties of natural coumarin compounds and their role in the growth and development of plants. Within the scope of this study, the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of new coumarin compounds (CT1, CT2, CT3, CT4, CT5) synthesised by expert organic chemists under laboratory conditions on the development of onion root cells were investigated. As a result of the treatment of coumarin derivative target compounds (CT1-5) in onion root tip cells with Allium test at 24, 48 and 72 hours time periods, cytotoxic effect was detected with a decrease in mitotic index due to increasing concentration. Mitotic index data proved that the highest cytotoxic effect was observed at 100 µM concentration for all compounds, while low cytotoxic effect was observed at 0.5 and 5.0 µM concentrations. When chromosomal aberrations were analysed, it was determined that CT1-5 compounds generally induced genotoxic effect in comparison with the control group, had negative effects on cell cycle proliferation, caused different types of chromosomal defects and this effect increased at high doses. When the results of cytotoxic and genotoxic experiments of CT compounds were evaluated together, it was determined that CT-4 and CT-5 compounds did not show significant toxic effects on the development of A. cepa plants at some doses. According to the data obtained in cytogenetic studies, it is thought that CT4 and CT5 compounds may be a good alternative to natural coumarin compounds, which are found in the structure of many plants in nature and have important roles in plant physiology. It is possible that CT4 and CT5 molecules can be developed as a pesticide candidate in A. cepa plant with future experimental and theoretical studies.