The use of local data on migration of the Romaika speaking people: Example of Uzungol-Donerdere migration

In this study, the effect of using local data in housing design is being investigated, through the migration of the Romaika speaking community. Local data which is effective in housing design will taken under two headings as cultural data and natural data. Factors such as community and family structure, lifestyle, economic factors, modes of production, will be covered under the heading of cultural data, topography and landscape, climate and vegetation and natural resources will be under natural data heading. Local architectures which have evolutionary development with the influence of the local data are not only sustainable, but also providing a high level of prosperity by responding to the material, biosocial, psychological and spiritual needs of the society in harmony with nature. Like a part of nature, local architectures which can exist and disappear in nature without harmfull effects, are not permanently structures like todays' reinforced concrete buildings, they can adapt to the changing conditions of the nature and culture of human, in time. Beside these properties, having unique identities related to the time and space of the region, local architectures are much more successful examples than the living spaces shaped by present-day planners and architects. In today's residential habitats, we can see two approach; the effect of functional design of the modernism; which reaches a standard housing unit like 2+1 or 3+1 and has not any culturel identity with the influence of international style and 'kitch' practices like copying and using different parts and features of the local architectures in together, which have different styles, under the effect of the postmodernism that creates a chaos of identities in the same place and the same time period. In this study; which proposes, the housing that includes both the innovative perspective of modernization and the effects of the success of the local architectures, as a solution to contemporary architectural problems, the effects of the local data on the design of the housing are examined through a migration sample. It is aimed to benefit from the obtained findings for healthier architectural environments. This study examines the phenomenon of immigration in the people speaking Romaika language in the Çaykara distinct of the Tranzon province and suggests a model for the use of local data in housing design, through the changes that the migration phenomenon has on housing design. The sample of Uzungöl-Dönerdere, which is one migration example of the model, has been examined in more detail in the field study of the thesis, through the proposed model. Within the scope of the field study, Uzungöl settlement has been investigated and natural and cultural structure of the area has been examined. Uzungöl dwelling which has been turned into a touristic value, with its own architectural style and the local data which effective in this dwelling design were detailed in the study. The natural and cultural structure of Dönerdere village, its residental architecture and the effects of local data on the residential architecture in Dönerdere has been examined. By comparing Uzungöl and Dönerdere regions, it is possible to examine two different local architectures and local influence on their design decisions, which have been influenced by different cultural and natural features. In the case of Uzungöl-Dönerdere migration which examined within the scope of the field study, Yeni Dönerdere village planned by government for the people migrating from Uzungöl to Dönerdere. For the Yeni Dönerdere houses that have a standart plan in this area, the phrase 'Yeni Dönerdere public housing' will be used in the thesis. The people who settled in the public housing of Yeni Dönerdere, made various changes in their houses. The changings are usually arrangements in accordance with their own understanding on this house that does not serve users way of living. The local data which effective on these changes have been examined within the scope of the thesis. The changings of the Yeni Dönerdere public houses are examined at 50 houses and determined under three headings; spatial organization, material changes and infrastructural changings. It is observed that spatial organizations intensively has been realized in two processes; first one is the primary changings that realized in first ten years of the migration and second one is secondary changings that realized the last fifteen years. The primary spatial organization changings have been determined like; cultural factors such as religious understanding, community and family structure, lifestyle, habits, economic factors, modes of production, as well as the effects natural data of migrational zone such as the possibilities offered by local materials, cold weather conditions such as snow and wind, climate conditions. On the other hand, secondary spatial organization changings effected from the universalization. Increasing of the relationships between village and city, the effects of the international style spread to the villages. So the places that specialized according to the functions like kitchen, bathroom are added to the houses. In these changings the economical conditions which are improved with the changings of the modes of production like mechanised agriculture have been also influential. The effects on the material and infrastructural changings are determined paralel to the changings of the technological development at the whole world and also the economical empowerment of the study area. In addition, it has been found that new houses which were designed by families who are late migrated, or who wanted to divide because of the increasing population, such as marriage. 13 houses which are designed by the users are examined at the study area. By examining these houses, it is also possible to investigate that; which local datas are influential in the design of housing in case of a culture which is separated from its natural area and settled in another nature. The houses that designed by the users are similar to the Yeni Dönerdere public houses that after arranged by the primary spatial organization changings. The changes of the houses that designed by the users are determined under three headings; spatial organization, material changes and infrastructural changings. In these 13 houses, there are no primary changings like Yeni Dönerdere public houses, because of they have already been designed like Yeni Dönerdere public houses that arranged by the primary spatial organization changings, in their design decisions the cultural features of the Uzungöl people and the natural conditions of the Dönerdere region have been considered. The spatial organizations are paralel to the secondary spatial organization changings of the Yeni Dönerdere public houses. Similarly, the material and infrastructural changings are paralel to the Yeni Dönerdere public houses. As a result of all these researches and examinations, it has been reached that the cultural organization is inheritable value in the space organization of the residential design and this information is physically bodilyized by the natural data of the geography where it is located. However, in this situation it is important to say that, the information of physically bodilyizing by the natural data is also an inheritable value. This information which is obtained from the thesis, should be taken into consideration the present and future architectural researches and applications and should be re-evaluated with current technological possibilities, so that it will be useful in this day, reaching the achievements of the local architectures that achieved during the periods when they were produced.