Investigation of ruthenium CS91's bacterial biofilm inhibition activity and anticarcinogenic effect on lung cancer cells

Ruthenium complexes have gained attention in recent years as potential therapeutic agents due to their antibacterial and anticancer properties. Antibiofilm strategy is an important area in the treatment of bacterial infections, aiming to overcome the resistance of biofilm-forming pathogens to conventional therapies. In addition to their ability to combat biofilm-forming bacteria, ruthenium compounds also exhibit cytotoxic activity, prevent migration, and induce apoptosis in cancer cells, making them promising candidates for both antibiotic and anticancer therapeutic strategies. In this study, the antibiofilm effects of ruthenium complex CS91 on Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and its cytotoxic, colony formation, and migration inhibitory effects on A549 lung cancer cell line were investigated. The effects of ruthenium CS91 on biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1 and disruption of the formed biofilm were evaluated by XTT assay. This antibiofilm effect was also confirmed by total EPS analysis, CTC-DAPI fluorescent staining method and time-dependent killing analysis methods. It has been found that RuCS91 significantly inhibits and degrades the biofilm structure of P. aeruginosa, indicating its high potential as an agent for the treatment of bacterial infections. In the human lung cancer (A549) cell line, the cytotoxic potential and apoptotic effects of ruthenium CS91 were evaluated using MTT assay, Annexin V/FITC and PI staining, and Real-Time PCR methods. The EC50 value of RuCS91 was found to be 3.20 µM, and it was observed to inhibit cell viability by more than 90% at a concentration of 25 µM. RuCS91 induced apoptosis in A549 cells at a rate of 20.59%, and it was shown to promote cell death by increasing the expression of genes involved in apoptosis. The results indicate that ruthenium CS91 not only exerts antibiofilm effects on P. aeruginosa PAO1, but also demonstrates anticancer activity in A549 cancer cells, triggering apoptosis pathways and suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent.