Investigation of the relationship between sagittal and vertical growth pattern, lower i̇ncisor i̇nclination and symphysis morphology and keratinized gingiva

The aim of this prospective, non-invasive thesis study was to determine the relationship of sagittal and vertical growth patterns, lower incisor inclination and symphysis morphology with keratinized gingival width and gingival biotype through cephalometric analysis and clinical examinations. ANB angle, Wits value, FMA, IMPA, L1-NB angles, L1-NB distance and Holdaway difference were measured on 134 lateral cephalometric radiographs using Dolphin Imaging Software (Version 11.95), and angles providing information about symphysis morphology were measured using IMAGEJ (Version 1.54i). WHO periodontal probe (Hu Friedy® Mfg. Co.) and Colorvue biotype probe (CBP; Hu-Friedy, Chicago, IL) were used for periodontal examination. Keratinized gingival width was positively correlated with ANB, IdB-MeGo angles; Bo-Me and Ido-Me distances and Wits value. Also, keratinized gingival width was negatively correlated with Holdaway difference and positively correlated with Id-B-Pog angle for teeth 42, 41 and 31. Pog-Pog' distance was positively correlated with keratinized gingival width for teeth 41-31-32. FMA angle was increased in people with thick gingival biotype than in people with medium gingival biotype for teeth 41 and 32. L1-NB angle and distance, Holdaway difference, Bo-Me and Ido-Me distances were associated with thick gingival biotype. As a result; as the ANB angle and Wits value increased, the keratinized gingival width increased. The increase in basal symphysis width and the decrease in alveolar symphysis width were associated with increased keratinized gingival width. As the incline of the alveolar symphysis increased, keratinized gingival width tended to increase. Increased incisor proclination and protrusion were associated with thick gingival biotype. Increased symphysis length was associated with increased keratinized gingival width and thick gingival biotype. The effect of basal symphysis length on gingival biotype was greater than the effect of alveolar symphysis length.