Comperation of punishment verses in Saʻlabi and Ibn Kathir commentaries in terms of interperation methods

The Quran has set forth some regulations regarding punishments concerning public law in order to ensure peace and security in society. Commentators have interpreted the verses in which these issues are mentioned in different ways, depending on their methods, sectarian preferences and the needs of the era they lived in. In our study, the interpretations and methods of these commentators, Sa'lebi and Ibn Kathir, regarding the punishment verses are discussed. This study, which consists of an introduction, three sections and a conclusion; in the first section, the concept of punishment in the context of social order in the Quran, in the second section, the scholarly lives of the commentators and the methods of using narrations, and in the third section, the interpretations and methods of the commentators regarding the punishment verses under the titles of retaliation and hadd punishments by means of a comparative method are examined. As a result, our commentators have handled their works with their own styles, different from the early period narration interpretations, under the influence of the periods they lived in and their scholarly accumulation. Sa'labî, who was criticized for the authenticity of the narrations he conveyed in his commentary, made great contributions to the field of linguistic interpretation with the linguistic explanations he made to the verses. However, the classification of al-Kashf as a narration commentary caused this aspect of the work to remain in the background. Although Ibn Kathir conveyed many more narrations than Sa'labî in his commentary, the commentator's criticism of these narrations made his commentary reliable. Although the commentator maintained his loyalty to the narrations, he did not narrow down the meaning based on the reasons of revelation, evaluated the verses in a more general context, and as a result of all these, the author's work provided extensive material for the tradition of narration interpretation. Our commentators agree on the basic principles of the provisions determined by the penal verses, but due to the differences in the authors' interpretations and interpretation methods, they reached different conclusions in the explanations of the verses and the secondary issues of penal sanctions.