Selective and performative religiosity: Secularization of the devout bourgeoisie in Türkiye

This thesis examines the secularization of the devout bourgeoisie in Türkiye, who have historically identified as anti-modern, anti-secular, and anti-consumerist, but have subsequently experienced a notable transformation, embracing hybrid identities characterized by conspicuous consumption and leisure practices. Using qualitative methods, including non-participant observation and in-depth interviews, this study argues that secularization is evident within the devout bourgeoisie; yet, it is not a decline in religiosity but a transformation of religious practices. The study introduces the concepts of 'selective and performative religiosity', wherein individuals engage in visible and ritualistic expressions of devotion while minimizing the certain imperatives traditionally associated with Islam. The secularization process is framed as 'instrumental and contextual,' reflecting a pragmatic and context-dependent engagement with religion. This thesis further explores the role of embourgeoisement in reshaping religious subjectivities, illustrating how wealth, embourgeoisement and mobility influence the transformation of religiosity. By emphasizing the significance of the consequential dimension of religiosity, particularly in relation to leisure and consumption culture, this research contributes to the understanding of secularization as a dynamic, context-dependent phenomenon, with implications for elite religiosity and the broader discourse on modernity, identity, and faith in Muslim-majority societies.