Metaheuristic PID controller design and simulation of DC motor

Different techniques are used to solve optimization problems. Metaheuristic optimization algorithms, one of these techniques, are widely preferred in solving complex engineering problems. An optimization algorithm in the literature cannot realize the ideal solution for every engineering problem. For this reason, it can be found by performing different optimization algorithms to find the most ideal solution to a problem. In this study, the parameters of the PID controller, which are common in industrial applications, were designed instead of the classical mathematical method, and the characteristics of the DC motor in the literature were applied to the transfer function. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Gray Wolf Optimization (GWO), Atom Search Optimization (ASO) and Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) were preferred as metaheuristic optimization algorithms. The performance values of the PID parameters calculated according to the IAE, ISE, ITAE and ITSE fitness function criteria of these optimization algorithms under the same conditions were compared among themselves for the algorithms and according to the Ziegler – Nichols (ZN) unit step response method, which is one of the classical methods. In studies conducted according to IAE, ISE, ITAE and ITSE fitness function criteria, it was seen that metaheuristic algorithms gave better results than the ZN method. In studies conducted according to ITSE fitness function criteria, it has been seen that algorithms give better results than other fitness functions. It is seen that the PSO algorithm in the study performed according to the IAE and ITSE fitness function, and the HHO algorithm in the study carried out according to the ISE and ITAE fitness function reach better values.