The investigation of the micronucleus formation effects of the signum pesticide and its ingredients on human periferal blood lymphocytes in the in vitro condition

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of the signum fungicide and its active ingredients (boscalid and pyraclostrobin) on human peripheral blood lymphocytes by using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. Micronucleus (MN), nucleoplasmic bridge and nuclear budding formations and the cell blocked proliferation index (CBPI) were evaluated in lymphocytes after treatment with fungicides.Tested concentrations of each fungicide induced more MN formation compared to the solvent control in G0 phase and proliferating lymphocytes. BNMN frequencies induced by 2, 6, 25 µg/ml signum, 0,5, 2 µg/ml boscalid and 0,5, 1,5, 2 µg/ml pyraclostrobin concentrations and NPB frequencies induced by pyraclostrobin increased statistically significant in G0 phase lymphocytes. All concentrations of each fungicide in G0 lymphocytes did not statistically increase NBUD formation, while the cytotoxicity was increased in a concentration-dependent.BNMN frequencies induced by 0,5, 1, 1,5, 3 µg/ml signum, 0,5, 1, 1,5 µg/ml boscalid and 0,75 µg/ml pyraclostrobin and NPB frequencies induced by 1, 1,5, 2, 3 µg/ml signum and 0,75 µg/ml pyraclostrobin increased statistically in proliferating lymphocytes. In addition, 0,75 µg/ml pyraclostrobin increased NBUD frequencies in proliferating lymphocytes. Cytotoxicity increased with the increasing of the concentrations of each fungicide.Because of the statistically significant increase of MN formation at the some concentrations, it could be concluded that signum, boscalid and pyraclostrobin are genotoxic in the in vitro condition on the human peripheral blood lymphocytes. However, evaluated fungicides in this study are cytotoxic considering each of the two treatments.