Determination of phenolic and pomological characteristics of almond (Prunus amygdalus L.) genotypes grown in Siirt and Batman provinces

In order to determine different almond genotypes; 83 almond genotypes grown from seed (seedling) without grafting determined in Siirt and Batman provinces and districts were monitored in 2023, and after eliminating those with periodicity, inner fruit bitterness and flowering problems, 20 genotype materials were determined as 10-15 years old and were evaluated in 2024. Phenological observations and pomological evaluations were made on these. Bud burst, first flowering, full flowering, end of flowering and harvest dates were determined from phenological observations. From pomological characteristics; nut length, nut width (suture), nut width (cheek), nut number per 100 grams, nut weight per 100 nuts, nut weight per 100 nuts, nut yield and twin ratio were examined. The beginning of flowering of the genotypes occurred between March 1-17, and the end of flowering occurred between March 11-27. The flowering of the genotypes occurred in March, that is, within a period of 26 days. The width of the shelled fruit (suture) was measured between 12,4 – 24,6 mm, the width of the shelled fruit (cheek) was measured between 13,9 – 24,2 mm, the number of grains in 100 g of shelled fruit was determined as 37,5 – 69,3 pieces, the weight of 100 shelled fruit was determined as 144,8 – 738,3 grams, the weight of 100 inner fruit was determined as 53,5 – 170,8 grams, and the inner fruit yield was determined as 19,2% - 36,9%. When the genotypes 72 BŞR 01 and 72 HSF 01 from Batman province bloom late (March 17 and March 10), it is recommended to grow them in places where there is a possibility of late spring frosts. Genotypes with similar characteristics to Ferraduel and Texas varieties were found from standard almonds. Especially; 72 BŞR 01, 56 KRN 06, 56 KRN 05, 56 KRN 04 and 72 HSF 01 genotypes are qualified to be variety candidates.