Investigation of the development, production, phenological and pomological characteristics of pistachio gardens in Siirt/Eruh and evaluation of producers' socio-economic conditions

Pistachio is a very suitable fruit for Siirt/Eruh ecology. It can also be grown in soil conditions where other fruit types cannot grow. It has a higher financial return than other fruit types. Planting areas and production have increased in recent years. This thesis was conducted in 2020-2021 to investigate the development, yield, phenological and pomological characteristics of pistachio orchards in Eruh and to evaluate the socio-economic conditions of the producers. As a material, a garden aged 18-20 was determined in Bayramlı, Çeltiksuyu, Ekinyolu and Gölgelikonak villages in Eruh district of Siirt. Three pistachio trees were used in each orchard. In the study; yield, phenology and pomological characteristics of pistachios in the orchards were determined. In order to investigate the socio-economic status of the producers, a survey was conducted with 11% of the producers. The flowering of the pistachio Siirt variety in Eruh started on April 7-11 in gardens at different altitudes. Flowering ended on April 15-18. Flowering lasted for a total of 7-8 days. Harvest took place on 7-14 September. In the average of yield (dry-shelled fruit) values per decare (2020 and 2021), the village of Gölgelikonak (195,9 kg) with a limited irrigation garden took the first place, followed by Ekinyolu (155,1 kg), Bayramlı (155,0 kg) and Çeltiksuyu (147,0 kg) without irrigation, respectively. The average dry-shelled 100-grain weight of the orchards was 103,8 g, kernel rate was 50,8%, and the fruit splitting rate was 81,2%. When the fruits were dried, it was determined that the moisture loss (weight loss) was 46.9% in the red hulled fruit and 29,8% in the shelled fruit. The net income of one decare of unirrigated pistachio is 8.957 TL (943 $), and the net income of one decare of limited irrigated pistachio orchard is 11.540 TL(1.215 $). It was determined that irrigation increased the yield by 57%. It has been determined that a pistachio producer in Eruh will need 21,4 decares of dry (non-irrigated) or 16,6 decares of irrigated (restricted) pistachio orchards to support his family.