Structural, optical and electrical characterization of nanocrystalline Nb2O5 thin films for gas sensor application

I thank God Almighty with incalculable thanks for his many and countless blessings, and I praise Him with a great thank you befitting the greatness of His majesty, generosity, favors and benevolence. I extend my sincere thanks to my beloved Iraq and to my second home, Çankırı Karatekin University. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to the advisor Prof. Dr. Sebahaddin ALPTEKİN and Prof. Dr. Mohammed Khammass KHALAF for their proposal for the research project and their interest, guidance and follow-up throughout the supervision period with all that was characterized by a sincere scientific spirit. Had it not been for their efforts, the message would not have come out in this way, so may God reward them on my behalf. I also extend my thanks to the Head of the Physics Department, represented by Prof. Dr. Ali YİĞİT and the faculty members of the Physics Department of the Faculty of Science at Çankırı Karatekin University. I would like to thank my mother and father, who have always encouraged and supported me and provided me with emotional and moral support throughout the period of writing this thesis. Thank you from the heart for everything you have done for me. I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to my brothers, sisters and friends for their support.